Galen eCalcs - Calculator: QFracture Risk (QFRAX)
Description
QFracture was developed in 2009 and has been internally and externally validated based on large primary care populations in the UK (QResearch and THIN clinical databases). The algorithm is based on variables that are readily available in electronic healthcare records. It estimates an individual’s 10-year risk of developing both hip and major osteoporotic fractures (including hip, spine and wrist), without BMD measurement. It is applicable to people aged 30–85 years. The clinical risk factors included in the QFracture algorithm in men and women are: age, sex, BMI, smoking, alcohol intake, glucocorticoids, asthma, cardiovascular disease, history of falls, chronic liver disease, rheumatoid arthritis, type 2 diabetes and tricyclic antidepressants. Additional factors used in women only are: hormone replacement therapy, parental history of hip fracture, menopausal symptoms, gastrointestinal malabsorption and other endocrine disorders.
Calculator Search/Filter Keywords
At the calculator level, eCalcs comes delivered with default keywords that can be leveraged in the "Search/Filter" field to enable Specialty or System driven calculator searching. The following calculator keywords are delivered by default for the QFRAX calculator:
Specialties
- Family Practice
- General Surgery
- Gerontology
- Orthopedics
Calculator Inputs
| Input | Mapping Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Alcohol 1 to 2 Units Per Day | Problems | Alcohol status – 1 to 2 units per day |
| Alcohol 3 to 6 Units Per Day | Problems | Alcohol status – 3 to 6 units per day |
| Alcohol 7 to 9 Units Per Day | Problems | Alcohol status – 7 to 9 units per day |
| Alcohol Less Than 1 Unit Per Day | Problems | Alcohol status - < 1 unit per day |
| Alcohol More Than 9 Units Per Day | Problems | Alcohol status - > 9 units per day |
| Antidepressants | Medications | 5-year osteoporotic (hip, wrist, shoulder, or
spine) fracture risk |
| Arthritis | Problems | Patient has rheumatoid arthritis or SLE |
| Asthma | Problems | Patient has asthma or COPD |
| Cancer | Problems | Patient has cancer |
| Dementia | Problems | Patient has dementia |
| Endocrine Problems | Problems | Patient has endocrine problems, e.g., thyrotoxicosis (hyperthyroidism), hyperparathyroidism, Cushing’s syndrome |
| Epilepsy | Problems | Patient has epilepsy or is taking anticonvulsants |
| Ex-smoker | Problems | Smoking status – ex-smoker |
| Falls | Problems | Patient has history of falls |
| Fracture | Problems | Patient had a wrist, spine, hip, or shoulder fracture |
| Heart Attack | Problems | Patient has had heart attack, angina, stroke, or TIA |
| Heavy Smoker | Problems | Smoking status – heavy smoker (20 or over) |
| Height | Vital Signs | The patient’s height in centimeters |
| Hormone Replacement | Problems | Patient is taking estrogen-only HRT |
| Kidney Disease | Problems | Patient has chronic kidney disease (stage 4 or 5) |
| Light Smoker | Problems | Smoking status – light smoker (less than 10) |
| Liver Disease | Problems | Patient has chronic liver disease |
| Malabsorption | Problems | Patient has malabsorption, e.g., Crohn’s disease, ulcerative colitis, celiac disease, steatorrhea, blind loop syndrome |
| Moderate Smoker | Problems | Smoking status – moderate smoker (10 to 19) |
| No Alcohol | Problems | Alcohol status - none |
| Non-smoker | Problems | Smoking status – non-smoker |
| Nursing Home | Problems | Patient lives in a nursing or care home |
| Osteoporosis Parent | Problems | Either parent has osteoporosis or hip fracture |
| Parkinson’s Disease | Problems | Patient has Parkinson’s disease |
| Steroids | Problems | Patient is taking steroid tablets regularly |
| Type 1 Diabetes | Problems | Type 1 diabetes |
| Type 2 Diabetes | Problems | Type 2 diabetes |
| Weight | Vital Signs | The patient’s weight in kilograms |
Calculator Outputs
| Output | Mapping Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
| QFracture 1 Year Hip Fracture Risk | Result | 1-year hip fracture risk |
| QFracture 1 Year Osteoporotic Fracture Risk | Result | The response to question B from the functional assessment section |
| QFracture 10 Year Hip Fracture Risk | Result | 10-year hip fracture risk |
| QFracture 10 Year Osteoporotic Fracture Risk | Result | 10-year osteoporotic (hip, wrist, shoulder, or
spine) fracture risk |
| QFracture 2 Year Hip Fracture Risk | Result | 2-year hip fracture risk |
| QFracture 2 Year Osteoporotic Fracture Risk | Result | 2-year osteoporotic (hip, wrist, shoulder, or
spine) fracture risk |
| QFracture 3 Year Hip Fracture Risk | Result | 3-year hip fracture risk |
| QFracture 3 Year Osteoporotic Fracture Risk | Result | 3-year osteoporotic (hip, wrist, shoulder, or
spine) fracture risk |
| QFracture 4 Year Hip Fracture Risk | Result | 4-year hip fracture risk |
| QFracture 4 Year Osteoporotic Fracture Risk | Result | 4-year osteoporotic (hip, wrist, shoulder, or
spine) fracture risk |
| QFracture 5 Year Hip Fracture Risk | Result | 5-year hip fracture risk |
| QFracture 5 Year Osteoporotic Fracture Risk | Result | 5-year osteoporotic (hip, wrist, shoulder, or
spine) fracture risk |
| QFracture 6 Year Hip Fracture Risk | Result | 6-year hip fracture risk |
| QFracture 6 Year Osteoporotic Fracture Risk | Result | 6-year osteoporotic (hip, wrist, shoulder, or
spine) fracture risk |
| QFracture 7 Year Hip Fracture Risk | Result | 7-year hip fracture risk |
| QFracture 7 Year Osteoporotic Fracture Risk | Result | 7-year osteoporotic (hip, wrist, shoulder, or
spine) fracture risk |
| QFracture 8 Year Hip Fracture Risk | Result | 8-year hip fracture risk |
| QFracture 8 Year Osteoporotic Fracture Risk | Result | 8-year osteoporotic (hip, wrist, shoulder, or
spine) fracture risk |
| QFracture 9 Year Hip Fracture Risk | Result | 9-year hip fracture risk |
| QFracture 9 Year Osteoporotic Fracture Risk | Result | 9-year osteoporotic (hip, wrist, shoulder, or
spine) fracture risk |